The Science of Global Warming
POSTED BY: 1kiki
UPDATED: Saturday, March 14, 2026 01:16
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PAGE 4 of 5
Well - I admit. I lifted the paragraph from JS'rap' - he was exhorting the rapturd to give it up. But it was SO exquisitely descriptive of the right whinge contingent, I just turned it around and it worked - beautifully.
SAGAN: We are releasing vast quantities of carbon dioxide, increasing the greenhouse effect. It may not take much to destabilize the Earth's climate, to convert this heaven, our only home in the cosmos, into a kind of hell.
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Quote:
Originally posted by SIGNYM:
Rappy loves ignorance. He revels in it. It is his religion, and he practices it every day.
Every remark in that quote is a intentional lie, and you know it.
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Quote:Please provide tangible proof. Even your sworn oath to tell the truth, the whole truth, will not be sufficient.
Originally posted by AURaptor:
Every remark in that quote is a intentional lie, and you know it.
The Joss Whedon script for Serenity, where Wash lives, is Serenity-190pages.pdf at www.mediafire.com/folder/1uwh75oa407q8/Firefly
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Having a difference of opinion does not make one a liar.
Some are so obsessed with conformity & adherence to their totalitarian views, they'll say anything to belittle, attack & personally insult those who don't agree.
Fathom the hypocrisy of a government that requires every citizen to prove they are insured... but not everyone must prove they are a citizen
I'm just a red pill guy in a room full of blue pill addicts.
" AU, that was great, LOL!! " - Chrisisall
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Some are so obsessed with conformity & adherence to their totalitarian views, they'll say anything to belittle, attack & personally insult those who don't agree.
Do you mean like this? This was JS'rap's' post to you:
Wait a second. Do you really think that he is making any attempt at a logical argument? Does it really seem like he is making any dismal attempt to sound sane or rational? Do you think his posts are anything more than inane blathering, with no apparent desire to make any sense?
If you keep arguing with a retard, and again argue with the retard, do you expect different results? I acknowledge your efforts at trying to educate the ignorant, but at what point do you decide to give up? There are quite a few reasonable participants in this forum which can benefit from your wisdom and knowledge, but clearly this one is a dying lump of cerebral debris. I applaud your efforts, but please don't overexert on behalf of the eternally ignorant.
SAGAN: We are releasing vast quantities of carbon dioxide, increasing the greenhouse effect. It may not take much to destabilize the Earth's climate, to convert this heaven, our only home in the cosmos, into a kind of hell.
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https://www.llnl.gov/news/newsreleases/2014/Oct/NR-14-10-02.html#.VE71
HXZXait
The Antarctic Ocean is a remote place where icebergs frequently drift off the Antarctic coast and can be seen during their various stages of melting. This iceberg, sighted off the Amery Ice Shelf, also has bands of translucent blue ice formed by sea or freshwater freezing in bands between layers of more compressed and white glacial ice. Image by Andrew Meijers/BAS
Livermore scientists suggest ocean warming in Southern Hemisphere underestimated
Anne M Stark, LLNL, (925) 422-9799, stark8@llnl.gov
LIVERMORE, California -- Using satellite observations and a large suite of climate models, Lawrence Livermore scientists have found that long-term ocean warming in the upper 700 meters of Southern Hemisphere oceans has likely been underestimated.
"This underestimation is a result of poor sampling prior to the last decade and limitations of the analysis methods that conservatively estimated temperature changes in data-??sparse regions," said LLNL oceanographer Paul Durack, lead author of a paper appearing in the October 5 issue of the journal Nature Climate Change.
Ocean heat storage is important because it accounts for more than 90 percent of the Earth's excess heat that is associated with global warming. The observed ocean and atmosphere warming is a result of continuing greenhouse gas emissions. The Southern Hemisphere oceans make up 60 percent of the world's oceans.
The team found that climate models simulate the relative increase in sea surface height -- a leading indicator of climate change -- between Northern and Southern hemispheres is consistent with highly accurate altimeter observations. However, separating the simulated upper-??ocean warming in the Northern and Southern hemispheres is inconsistent with observed estimates of ocean heat content change. These sea level and ocean heat content changes should be consistent, and suggest that until recent improvements occurred in the observational system in the early 21st century, Southern Hemisphere ocean heat content changes were likely underestimated.
Since 2004, automated profiling floats (named Argo) have been used to measure global ocean temperatures from the surface down to 2,000 meters. The 3,600 Argo floats currently observing the global ocean provide systematic coverage of the Southern Hemisphere for the first time. Argo float measurements over the last decade, as well as data from earlier measurements, show that the ocean has been gradually warming, according to Durack.
"Prior to 2004, research has been very limited by the poor measurement coverage," he said. "By using satellite data, along with a large suite of climate model simulations, our results suggest that global ocean warming has been underestimated by 24 to 58 percent. The conclusion that warming has been underestimated agrees with previous studies, however it's the first time that scientists have tried to estimate how much heat we've missed."
Given that most of the excess heat associated with global warming is in the oceans, this study has important implications for how scientists view the Earth's overall energy budget, Durack said.
The new results are consistent with another new paper that appears in the same issue of Nature Climate Change. Co-author Felix Landerer of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who contributed to both studies, says, "Our other new study on deep-ocean warming found that from 2005 to the present, Argo measurements recorded a continuing warming of the upper-ocean. Using the latest available observations, we're able to show that this upper-ocean warming and satellite measurements are consistent."
Other Livermore authors include Peter Gleckler and Karl Taylor. The study was conducted as part of the Climate Research Program at Lawrence Livermore, which is funded by the Department of Energy's Regional and Global Climate Modeli
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The clearest proof we’ll ever get that our planet is falling apart
Despite shocking images out of the Arctic—and disasters right here at home—climate action still seems out of reach
SAGAN: We are releasing vast quantities of carbon dioxide, increasing the greenhouse effect. It may not take much to destabilize the Earth's climate, to convert this heaven, our only home in the cosmos, into a kind of hell.
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http://www.laboratoryequipment.com/news/2014/11/groundwater-warming?et
_cid=4258295&et_rid=366206770&type=headline
Groundwater is Warming Up
Cisterns are commonly used in areas where water is scarce, either because it is rare or because it has been depleted due to heavy use. Image: Chris Zielecki
Global warming stops at nothing – not even the groundwater, as a new study by researchers from ETH Zurich and KIT reveals: the groundwater’s temperature profiles echo those of the atmosphere, albeit damped and delayed.
For their study, the researchers were able to fall back on uninterrupted long-term temperature measurements of groundwater flows around the cities of Cologne and Karlsruhe, where the operators of the local waterworks have been measuring the temperature of the groundwater, which is largely uninfluenced by humans, for 40 years. This is unique and a rare commodity for the researchers. “For us, the data was a godsend,” stresses Peter Bayer, a senior assistant at ETH Zurich’s Geological Institute. Even with some intensive research, they would not have been able to find a comparable series of measurements. Evidently, it is less interesting or too costly for waterworks to measure groundwater temperatures systematically for a lengthy period of time. “Or the data isn’t digitalized and only archived on paper,” suspects the hydrogeologist.
Damped image of atmospheric warming
Based on the readings, the researchers were able to demonstrate that the groundwater is not just warming up; the warming stages observed in the atmosphere are also echoed. “Global warming is reflected directly in the groundwater, albeit damped and with a certain time lag,” says Bayer, summarizing the main results that the project has yielded. The researchers published their study in the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.
The data also reveals that the groundwater close to the surface down to a depth of around sixty meters has warmed up statistically significantly in the course of global warming over the last 40 years. This water heating follows the warming pattern of the local and regional climate, which in turn mirrors that of global warming.
The groundwater reveals how the atmosphere has made several temperature leaps at irregular intervals. These “regime shifts” can also be observed in the global climate, as the researchers write in their study. Bayer was surprised at how quickly the groundwater responded to climate change.
Heat exchange with the subsoil
The earth’s atmosphere has warmed up by an average of 0.13 C per decade in the last 50 years. And this warming doesn’t stop at the subsoil, either, as other climate scientists have demonstrated in the last two decades with drillings all over the world. However, the researchers only tended to consider soils that did not contain any water or where there were no groundwater flows.
While the fact that the groundwater has not escaped climate change was revealed by researchers from Eawag and ETH Zurich in a study published three years ago, it only concerned “artificial” groundwater. In order to enhance it, river water is trickled off in certain areas. The temperature profile of the groundwater generated as a result thus matches that of the river water.
The new study, however, examines groundwater that has barely been influenced by humans. According to Bayer, it is plausible that the natural groundwater flow is also warming up in the course of climate change. “The difference in temperature between the atmosphere and the subsoil balances out naturally.” The energy transfer takes place via thermal conduction and the groundwater flow, much like a heat exchanger, which enables the heat transported to spread in the subsoil and level out.
The consequences of these findings, however, are difficult to gauge. The warmer temperatures might influence subterranean ecosystems on the one hand and groundwater-dependent biospheres on the other, which include cold areas in flowi
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http://www.rdmag.com/news/2014/11/climate-worsening-watery-dead-zones?
et_cid=4258796&et_rid=366206770&type=headline
Climate worsening watery dead zones
This handout photo provided by the Smithsonian shows dead juvenile menhaden fish floating to the surface during a dead zone event in Narragansett Bay, R.I. Image: AP Photo, Andrew Altieri, Smithsonian
Global warming is likely playing a bigger role than previously thought in dead zones in oceans, lakes and rivers around the world and it's only going to get worse, according to a new study.
Dead zones occur when fertilizer runoff clogs waterways with nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorous. That leads to an explosion of microbes that consumes oxygen and leaves the water depleted of oxygen, harming marine life.
Scientists have long known that warmer water increases this problem, but a new study Monday in the journal Global Change Biology by Smithsonian Institution researchers found about two dozen different ways—biologically, chemically and physically—that climate change worsens the oxygen depletion.
"We've underestimated the effect of climate change on dead zones," said study lead author Andrew Altieri, a researcher at the Smithsonian's tropical center in Panama.
The researchers looked at 476 dead zones worldwide—264 in the U.S. They found that standard computer climate models predict that, on average, the surface temperature around those dead zones will increase by about 4 F (slightly more than 2 C) from the 1980s and 1990s to the end of this century.
The largest predicted warming is nearly 7 degrees (almost 4 C) where the St. Lawrence River dumps into the ocean in Canada. The most prominent U.S. dead zones, the Gulf of Mexico and the Chesapeake Bay, are projected to warm 4 degrees (2.3 C) and nearly 5 degrees (2.7 C) respectively.
Warmer water holds less oxygen, adding to the problem from runoff, said co-author Keryn Gedan, who is at both the Smithsonian and the Univ. of Maryland. But warmer water also affects dead zones by keeping the water more separate, so that oxygen-poor deep water mixes less.
"It's like Italian dressing that you haven't shaken, where you have the oil and water separate," Altieri said.
When the water gets warmer, marine life's metabolism increases, making them require more oxygen just as the oxygen levels are already dropping. Other ways that climate change affects dead zones includes longer summers, ocean acidification and changing wind and current patterns, the study said.
Donald Boesch, a Univ. of Maryland ecologist who wasn't part of the study and works at a different department than Gedan, said there is not enough evidence to say that climate change has already played such a big role in the spread of dead zones. But he said the study is probably right in warning that future warming will make the problem even worse.
SAGAN: We are releasing vast quantities of carbon dioxide, increasing the greenhouse effect. It may not take much to destabilize the Earth's climate, to convert this heaven, our only home in the cosmos, into a kind of hell.
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bumped for REAL WORLD EVENTS
SAGAN: We are releasing vast quantities of carbon dioxide, increasing the greenhouse effect. It may not take much to destabilize the Earth's climate, to convert this heaven, our only home in the cosmos, into a kind of hell.
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